Showing posts with label NEW HSK 1. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NEW HSK 1. Show all posts

New HSK 1 Lesson 4 Grammar 4 Measure Words

We use measure words when counting people or things in Chinese.
Usamos palabras de medida para contar personas o cosas en chino.

四口  sì kǒu  four people (in a family) / cuatro personas (en una familia)
四口人 sì kǒu rén  a family of four people / una familia de cuatro personas

两个 liǎng gè  two (general measure word) / dos
两个学生  liǎng gè xuésheng   two students / dos estudiantes

New HSK 1 吗 [ma]


吗 [ma] is placed at the end of a sentence to turn it into a Yes/No question. 
Subject + Verb + Object + 吗?

Se coloca 吗 [ma] al final de una oración para convertirla en una pregunta de Sí/No.
Sujeto + Verbo + Objeto + 吗?

New HSK 1 是 [shì] / Verbo 是 [shì]


他是医生
Tā shì yīshēng. 
He is a doctor.
Él es médico.

四是四,十是十 — The “S” vs. “Sh” Tongue Twister


四是四,十是十,十四是十四,四十是四十。
Sì shì sì, shí shì shí, shísì shì shísì, sìshí shì sìshí.

Chinese 绕口令 (rào kǒu lìng) / Trabalenguas en chino


Qī jiā yī, zài jiǎn yī, jiāwán jiǎnwán děngyú jǐ? Jiāwán jiǎnwán hái shì qī.
七加一,再减一,加完减完等于几?加完减完还是七。

New HSK 1 Lesson 2 Grammar 1 Basic Word Order in Chinese



Simple sentences in Chinese are very straight-forward. The order is:
Las oraciones simples en chino son muy sencillas. El orden es:

Subject + Verb + Object
Sujeto + Verbo + Objeto

Classroom language for Students / Expresiones de clase para estudiantes de chino

请再说一遍。 
Qǐng zài shuō yí biàn. 
Could you repeat that, please. 
Por favor, repítalo otra vez.

请再读一遍。
Qǐng zài dú yí biàn. Please read it aloud again. Por favor, léalo otra vez en voz alta.

Classroom language for Teachers / Expresiones de clase para profesores de chino

现在上课。
Xiànzài shàngkè.
Class begins now.
La clase empieza ahora. 

请打开书,第×页。
Qǐng dǎkāi shū, dì × yè.
Please open your books to page ×.
Por favor, abrid el libro por la página ×.

Number 2 ➡️ 二 [ èr ] vs 两 [ liǎng ]

 二 [èr]  numbers in general, ordinal numbers, phone numbers,... / en números en general, números ordinales, dar un número de teléfono,...

 两 [liǎng]  before measure words / antes de palabras de medida

十二
shí'èr
12
二十二
èrshí'èr
22
一百二十二
yìbǎi èrshí'èr
122
两个人
liǎng gè rén
two people
两口人
liǎng kǒu rén
two people (family members)
两本书
liǎng běn shū
two books

More examples
我有两只小猫。
Wǒ yǒu liǎng zhī xiǎo māo. 
I have two small cats.
Tengo dos gatos pequeños.

她的儿子两岁了。
Tā de érzi liǎng suì le. 
Her son is two years old.
Su hijo tiene dos años.

两个小时 [liǎng gè xiǎoshí]  two hours / dos horas
两天 [liǎng tiān]  two days / dos días
两个星期 [liǎng gè xīngqī]  
two weeks / dos semanas
两个月 [liǎng gè yuè]  two months / dos meses




Aditional ideas / Ideas adicionales
The time is expressed with 两 [liǎng].   
La hora se expresa con 两 [liǎng].

两点 [liǎng diǎn]  2 o’clock / las dos en punto 

二  [èr] is used in ordinal numbers. 
Se usa 二  [èr] para los números ordinales.  

第二 [dì'èr] the second / segundo
二楼 [èr lóu] the second floor / segundo piso

In math, to indicate a numeral, a fraction, or a decimal,“二 ”is used instead of “两”.
En matemáticas, para indicar un número, una fracción o un decimal, se utiliza 二 [èr] en lugar de 两 [liǎng].

1/2(èr fēn zhī yī) 二分之一; 1/3(sān fēn zhī èr) 三分之二
0.2(líng diǎn èr) 零点二; 2.4(èr diǎn sì) 二点四

In the multi-digit numbers, use 二,not 两for tens place and ones place, as 22(二十二). Before the百(hundred)’s place, either 两 or 二 can be used, as in 200(二百/两百). When used before the “千”(qiān ,thousand)、“万”(wàn, ten thousand) or “亿”(yì, hundred million) places, “两” is much more frequently used.
E.g. 2000(两千); 22222(两万两千二百二十二); 200000000(两亿)4) Before “traditional” units for capacity or weight (尺(chǐ)/亩(mǔ)/升(shēng)…), both 两 and 二 can usually be used. For example: 二尺/两尺(èr chǐ /liǎng chǐ); 二亩/两亩(èr mǔ /liǎng mǔ); 二升/两升(èr shēng /liǎng shēng).

However, before the “new” units for capacity and weight, typically 两,is used. For instance: 两吨 and 两公里.Note that两 also means 1/20 of a kilogram, so to make this distinction clear, two “1/20 kilo” is represented as 二两 (èr liǎng ), not 两两 (liǎng liǎng).

When you want to approximate a number, you can use “两”and either “一”/“三” together in succession. For examples
一两天(yī liǎng tiān) One or two days.

这个词我们学了两三次了. 
Zhège cí wǒ men xué le liǎng sān cì le.
We’ve studied this word two or three times.
Esta palabra ya la hemos estudiado dos o tres veces.

每个人要花两三百块钱。 
Měi gè rén yào huā liǎng sān bǎi kuài qián.
Every one needs to spend two to three hundred RMB.
Cada persona tiene que gastar unos doscientos o trescientos yuanes.



“两”is also often employed on its own to indicate a generally small number of quantity, whereas “二” can not be used in this way. For example:

怎么就来了这么两个人?( zěn me jiù lái le zhè me liǎng gè rén ?)
How have so few people come?


“俩(liǎ)” means “两个”, and is more commonly used as a colloquial term in northern China. Some examples: 我们俩(我们两个, the two of us), 俩苹果(两个苹果, two apples).

Note that 贰 (also pronounced èr) is used to represent the number 2 on items like cheques to prevent forgery.

New HSK 1 Lesson 4 Grammar 2a Expression of Numbers 0-99

NumberChinesePinyin
1️⃣一yī
2️⃣二èr
3️⃣三sān
4️⃣四sì
5️⃣五wǔ
6️⃣六liù
7️⃣七qī
8️⃣八bā
9️⃣九jiǔ
🔟十shí

6 Basic Measure Words (activity) / 6 Clasificadores Básicos (actividad)

个 | ge | People, general objects | 三个苹果 

本 | běn | Books, notebooks, magazines | 一本书 

张 | zhāng | Flat objects (paper, photos, tables) | 一张纸 

只 | zhī | Animals | 一只猫 

杯 | bēi | Glasses and cups with contents | 一杯水 

些 | xiē | Indefinite quantity (some) | 一些人


New HSK 1 Lesson 6 Review Activity

手机 [ shǒujī ] 电话 [ diànhuà ]
号 [ hào ] 明天 [ míngtiān ]
去 [ qù ] 哪儿 [ nǎr ]
想 [ xiǎng ] 超市 [ chāoshì ]
买 [ mǎi ] 东西 [ dōngxi ]
些 [ xiē ] 牛奶 [ niúnǎi ]
吃 [ chī ] 晚饭 [ wǎnfàn ]
那边 [ nàbiān ] 包子 [ bāozi ]
非常 [ fēicháng ] 好吃 [ hǎochī ]
米饭 [ mǐfàn ] 怎么 [ zěnme ]
坐 [ zuò ] 出租车 [ chūzūchē ]

New HSK 1 Lesson 4 Grammar 2b 百 [bǎi],千[qiān],万 [wàn]


yì bǎi
一百
100
èrbǎi líng bā
二百零八
208
jiǔbǎi jiǔshíjiǔ
九百九十九
999
yìqiān
一千
1000
yìqiān wǔbǎi èrshíbā
一千五百二十八
1528
jiǔqiān jiǔbǎi jiǔshíjiǔ
九千九百九十九
9999

NEW HSK 1 Syllabus

A.1 一级语法点
A.1.1 词类
A.1.1.1 名词

【一01】方位名词: 上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边

桌子上
树下
房间里
门外
楼前
门后

New HSK 1 Lesson 4 Grammar 1 有 [yǒu] Sentence (1)

有 [yǒu]  to have / tener

我有猫。
Wǒ yǒu māo. 
I have a cat. 
Tengo gato. 

我没有猫。
Wǒ méiyǒu māo.
I don't have a cat. 
No tengo gato. 
    

New HSK 1 Lesson 1 Review Activity

你好 [ nǐ hǎo ] 王老师 [ Wáng lǎoshī ]
大家 [ dàjiā ] 好 [ hǎo ]
学生 [ xuéshēng ] 们 [ men ]
老师 [ lǎoshī ] 您 [ nín ]
你们 [ nǐmen ] 飞 [ fēi ]
谢谢 [ xièxie ] 不客气 [ búkèqi ]
同学 [ tóngxué ] 再见 [ zàijiàn ]

New HSK 1 Lesson 5 Review Activity

今天 [ jīntiān ] 号 [ hào ]
月 [ yuè ] 日 [ rì ]
星期 [ xīngqī ] 星期日 [ xīngqīrì ]
星期天 [ xīngqītiān ] 休息 [ xiūxi ]
会 [ huì ] 做饭 [ zuò fàn ]
做 [ zuò ] 面条儿 [ miàntiáor ]
饺子 [ jiǎozi ] 一些 [ yìxiē ]
菜 [ cài ] 下班 [ xiàbān ]
新 [ xīn ] 电脑 [ diànnǎo ]
真 [ zhēn ] 好看 [ hǎokàn ]
喜欢 [ xǐhuan ] 它 [ tā ]

New HSK 1 Lesson 4 Review Activity

有 [ yǒu ] 多少 [ duōshao ]
个 [ gè ] 哥哥 [ gēge ]
呢 [ ne ] 没有 [ méiyǒu ]
家 [ jiā ] 几 [ jǐ ]
口 [ kǒu ] 爸爸 [ bàba ]
妈妈 [ māma ] 妹妹 [ mèimei ]
和 [ hé ] 儿子 [ érzi ]
孩子 [ háizi ] 女儿 [ nǚ’ér ]
岁 [ suì ] 他 [ tā ]
今年 [ jīnnián ] 多 [ duō ]
大 [ dà ]